Framework
What-to-think vs. how-to-think
Definition
What-to-think learning develops knowledge of facts, procedures, and frameworks. How-to-think learning gives people practice interpreting evidence, examining assumptions, and choosing what to do. Useful learning often needs both.
Look at the work the learner does
A reference guide can help someone follow a reliable process. A case can ask them to decide whether that process fits the situation. Both have a purpose.
The distinction is not between online and in-person learning, long and short sessions, or instruction and discovery. It is between the cognitive work different activities require.
Where support can leave a gap
If a tool supplies the diagnosis, alternatives, and recommendation, a person may complete the task without practicing those judgments. To develop them, consider asking for an initial explanation or prediction before offering help, then compare the two.
Do not withhold essential information in consequential work. Create an appropriate practice setting where the person can examine and revise a decision.
A portfolio question
For each learning objective, ask: what will the person know, what will they practice deciding, and what evidence would show that they can use it in another relevant situation?
Related concepts
- Core Abilities · Three ways of working through a decision: test the explanation, consider alternatives, and trace consequences.
- Richness and Reach · Map cognitive demand and participation. Classify the actual experience, not its delivery format.
- The knowing-doing gap · The distance between explaining an approach and using it when the task becomes difficult.
Where this comes up
- The AI-Ready Leader
19 min read
- When help at work replaces the chance to think
2 min read
- Three ways to examine a difficult decision
2 min read
Bring a real problem
What does your learning need to change?
A role people are struggling with. A decision that keeps going wrong. A capability you need to see before giving someone more responsibility. Start there.